missed talk on athens and persian wars and how it was the first democracy - XXX need to read about this

sparta
monarchy and oligarchy, 8th century BC
conquered messeneans around 725BC
they outnumbered sparta 10 to 1 - used as a labor and food source
they rebelled in 640BC and nearly destroyed sparta
sparta was turned into a military state to control messenea
the messeneans became HELOTS
male citizenry were forced to serve in the military
spartan society
	similars
	perioikoi
	helots
oligarchy controlled others
army, infantry, hoplites
helots provided labor
women significant
men served in army from 7 to 60
went home from barracks at 30
rugged existence
simplistic disciplined centralized
no new ideas
military city-state
peloponnesian league - spartan analog to delian league
emphasis on goddess athena

athens
army and navy
navy dominant
delian league - massive city-state confederation navy to fight persians
democracy
emphasized cultrue, pursuit of knowledge
goddess athena
women were possessions
great leader - pericles

causes of the peloponnesian war
	athenian agressiveness/hubris
	delian league == athenian empire
	athenian disagreement with corinth and magara - members of the pelop league
	archidamain war 429 - 422 ended in draw, peace of nicias
	alcibiades - invaded sicily in 415BC, disaster in 413BC, athens had lost, weakened syracuse (in sicily) to weaken sparta
	sparta-corinth-persia destroyed athenian fleet 405BC
	athens surrendered in 404BC

	results
	athenian empire/delian league gone
	golden age over
	spartan hegemony (404-371BC)
	greek city-states exhausted and vulnerable after fighting for 30 years

	sparta isn't good at ruling, only dominating, extreme self interest
	kouros sculpture - archaic period of greece
	greeks start to express themselves in new and different ways
	man-centered
	accuracy
	beauty
	drama
	symmetry
	action-3d
	emotion
	attitude
	ideal
	effervescence
	passion

	lots of sculptures
	hellenistic period
	strong emotion
	spiffy architecture
		doric
		ionic
		corinthian
	philosophy
		thales 585BC
			astronomer, mathematician, water primary substance of world, nature of universe, rationalism
		socrates 470-399BC
			wisdom, admission of ignoramce, socratic method(teaching by back and forth, tons of questions), perhaps greatest philosopher ever, every person should be educated, was executed because he annoyed too many people
		plato 429-347BC
			wrote "The Republic", reason, ideal or the good versus the real, universeal truth, strive for excellence, virtue, and the ideal, "The Academy" begun in 385BC in athens (lasted until 5th century AD), pupil of socrates, wrote down socrates' methods, reason dominates all, world is composed of dualistic construct, real/ideal, responsibility to meet ideal, 
		aristotle 384-322BC
			tutored alexander the great 343-342BC, plato's greatest pupil, created an academy, The Lyceum, emphasized scientific method, organizer and classifier, biological observations lasted centuries, nature has a natural order, 
		sophists
			those selling wisdom to pupils for pay, higher educations - rhetoric, oratory, virtue, proponents are prodicus, hippias, protagoras, antiphon, damon, universalism - mankind same, analyzed quality of man or his physis, protagoras questioned existence of gods, relativism, secularism, believed they could answer any question, today a sophist is one who uses rhetorical slight of hand to cloud or hide the truth or to deceive, came to be criticized for pursuing power instead of truth by socrates and plato who charged little or nothing for their teachings
		sophocles 497-405BC
			write 123 dramas, 7 survived, oedipus the tyrant, antigone, served as general inmilitary
		atistophanes 452-385BC
			wrote lysistrata in 411BC
	historians
		herodotus 485-425BC
			the histories - detailed persian wars, wrote about egypt and persia, too, gods, myths, tall tales included, made maps as well
		thucydides 455-397BC
			history fo pelop war, accuracy and evils of war
	mathematics
	pythagoras, miletus, euclid-geometry, archimedes of syracuse 287-212BC - geometry/pi
	warfare
		unprofessional farmers
		phalanx and hoplite
		bloody melee/slash and burn - final decision
		decimation