read investiture stuff on angel

from vikings to dukes in france
	rollo/rolf
	884 captured rouen
	911 northmen's land, normandy
	rollo converted dukes of normandy
	william the bastard born 1027
	william duke of normandy 1035
	feudalism is a decentralizing power
	william consolidated rule until 1060
	by 1066, independent of king of france
	depended on lay investiture, leige homage, cavalry
	lay investiture - appointment of church officials by a secular lord

england
	edward the confessor (1043-1066)
	harold godwinson - crowned king of england, knew he'd get trouble form william and hardrada
	harold hardrada - invaded england, met godwinson at battle of stamford bridge
	fight for the throne
	13 oct 1066 - battle of hastings, fought william of normandy, william won
	takes name william the conquerer, makes examples of people where possible, no rebellion tolerated
	brings all customs and complicated feudal system
	had scribes author doomsday book - census of everything of value in england
	very greedy, collects taxen hard

western europe
	land is wealth
	church and monarchies maried, corruption common
	theocratic monarchy
	canon law, feudal law, monarchical (secular/royal) law (in HRE, corpus juris civilis, in england, common law)
	rival states and families, constant conflict
	skilled warrior class
	heavy cavalry in the ascendant
	sometimes, lords provide scootage so kings can rent mercenaries instead of providing soldiers
	mercenary armies the norm
	95% peasantry

church corruption
	corrupt and weak
	lay investiture - lay appointment of church officials
	simony - purchase of church offices
	nicolaitism - married clergy
	cluniacs set the tone for reform

cluniac movement
	abbey of cluny founded 911 at cluny in burgundy
	duke william of aquitaine donated land, serfs
	like benedictines on testosterone - streamlined benedictine practices
	monks wore black, great singers, chanters, monasteries ornamental, luxurious
	enjoyed independence from lay control as well as the church of rome
	free of any authority except st peter
	cluniac monasteries visited much by laymen, very nice, ornamental, elaborate
	spread from england to asia minor in next 100 years

gregorian revolution
	peter damian 1007-1072
	humbert hildebrand 1023-1085
	humbert of silva candida worte book condemning simony
	rallied against nicolaitism, simony, lay investiture
	purify the church
	humbert - college of cardinals 1059 nicholas II
	humbert excommunicated patriarch of constantinople 1054 - east-west schism
	wrest control from secular authority
	humbert even a donatist - archbishops had to be above reproach, pure at heart to serve properly