we're getting tests back...this may prove to be shitty
got an 88! kick ass
turned in the notes, title page, and bibliography...yay

church reform, pope gregory VII the great
	in college of cardinals
	elected pope gregory VII 1073
	ideology of numbert and damiani in his pontificate
	admired by some, hated by others
	puritanical zeal
	hated german emperors as alien interlopers
	damian - "holy satan"
	abbott hugh of cluny hated hildebrand
	codify canon law to reflect absolutist papacy
	dictatus papae part of this effort, 1073
	lay investiture illegal

excommunication - cannot receive sacrements, baptism, marriage, last rites, confirmation, confession, communion, one more
according to church, all humans sin, but confession + penance can absolve you
interdict - pope can level interdict on a country (excommunicate a country)
simony - purchase of church official positions
nicolaitism - marrying of church officials
dictatus papae - dictates of the pope
	pope gets authority from god
	has power to do everything through his power from god
	has power to depose emperors
	used donation of constantine (forged document saying constantine ceded prerogative to wear all imperial insignia to pope sylvester I, gives lay authority to church)
	pope has greater authority than the synod
synod - meeting of bishops and archbishops

investiture controversy
	henry IV appointed archbiship of milan
	gregory and followeres protested
	henry IV letter 24 jan 1076 condemning pop as false monk
	gregory VII excommunicated henry 22 feb 1076
	gregory fomented revolt among church and nobles in HRE
	managed to convince some in HRE that henry was wrong
	bishops and abbonts no longer recognize henry
	2/3 of henry's army from church lands
	end 1076, henry isolated and weak
	nobles sought to elect another emperor
	canossa - winter 1077 - henry and gregory both went, gregory made henry wait outside for 3 days, they reconciled, dictates of pope may have validity and spiritual power greater than temporal power, henry forgiven, rebellions put down
	henry appoints more bishops
	henry regains power and audacity
	gregory excommunicates henry again
	german bishops side with henry
	henry appoints his own pope
	escorts him to rome 1085 with his army
	gregory fled to southern italy to 

anathema - unthinkable
chain of anathema - refers to sword of christ's mouth on earth, speaking with the words of god

investiture contest, concordat of worms 1122
	church officials would elect a bishop in germany
	after, he would pay lay homage to the king as the secular lord
	significance: from then on, the secular and religious authorities of europe were separate and in contention
	HRE weakened and would remain neither holy, roman, or empiric

hugo candidus, supported henry IV, rival of gregory, disapproved of by archbishop of canterbury

spread of seljuk turks 11th century
	spain - reconquista, 1100, 25% of iberian peninsula christian
	seljuk turks take antioch 1070
	defeated byzantines 1071
	forcibly discontinued christian pilgrimages 1070