something given to us to put on back of paper title page, text, bibliography, grading sheet secular power and spiritual power conflicting again henry had 2 sons to become king: john I and richard the lionheart conflicts: philip pope (innocent III) barons/vassals angevin empire - john I 1199-1216 barons hurting, had a RIGHT to remind king of his obligations barons forced john to sign magna carta in 1215 feudal and constitutional document feudal - mutual contractual rights constitutional - law of the land "to no one will we sell, deny, or delay rights of justice." king to observe law of the land, follow "due processes of common law" king subject to consent of "community of the realm" common law comes from all races that it came in contact with king of england's authority no longer ultimate, law above him since signing of magna carta law is eternal and can kick the king's ass, so the king's authority is limited corpus juris civilis - original roman law code, emphasized absolute authority of king/emperor magna carta was the first example of constitutionalism ours lays out the govt and the responsibilities and authorities of the branches frederick I barbarossa of hohenstaufen 1152-1190 salians rule ended 1125 hohenstaufens (FB) ascended 1152 energetic, great fighter, capable administrator increase power over rival princes by taking rich italian provinces, wanted to look like rome who would oppose? instituted justinian code after 20 years of fighting to take italy, unsuccessful, pope angry frederick died 3rd crusade in 1190 will eventually lead to germany henry VI 1190-1197 largest empire since charlemagne centralized german monarchy some married norman princess from sicily, they had a child frederick II the great 1215-1250 stupor mundi "wonder of the world" raised in italy, mix of europe and middle east patron of the arts, sciences, arab and greek influence megalomaniac, brute, bully innocent III crowned him HRE 1209 messiah, caesar invaded northern italy, papal states excommunicated twice - never went on crusade innocent IV called a crusade against frederick II, d 1250 son ruled 1250-1254 - family line died papacy assassinated his family papacy chose a successor, habsburgs philip IV the fair 1285-1314 taxed french clergy unam sanctum 1302 - everyone subject to papal authority deposed pope boniface VIII seized boniface - died soon after in 1303 philip had clement V appointed to pope clement moved to avignon babylonian captivity of papacy begun disbanded the knights templar 13 oct 1307 (and killed them and grand masters) expelled jews from france in 1306 papal decline began 1305 - stayed in avignon for 70 years 1378 gregory XI returned to rome, died soon after italian pope elected - urban VI elected 1378-1389, no more french popes months later french cardinals elected clement VII - returned to avignon, now we have 2 popes the great schism begins, lasted 40 years papal authority wounded conciliar movement - conciliarism council held in 1409 - elected another pope - 3 POPES council 1414, all 3 withdrew martin V elected, end of schism 1414 results papal authority devastated monarchical authority overpowering church secularism on the rise adds to the malaise of europe many openly questioning christian values turbulent 14th century population growth 1000-1300 cities expanding crop/cattle expansion ends 1300 little ice age 1315-1600 famins developed in poorer areas of christendom - 10-25% of people in cities and towns died greenland abondoned by 1408 cannibaism reported black death 1348 2 types of pague: bubonic and pneumonic (airborne), possibly also anthrax december 1347 - arrival in sicily/italy june 1348 - spain, italy, paris june 1349 - london, central europe dec 1349 - ireland, scandinavia, russia bubonic carried by fleas and rats, caused black boils in lymph areas, sometimes boils burst and the person recovered, but most died pneumonic worse of 140 frians at montpellier, one survived 30-60% of people died in cities death rate could range from 20-100% reactions to black death wolf populations increased witchcraft suspected, end of world most became isolated charity was dead orgies, flagellants, wandering mobs pogroms, jews arrested, tortured, killed, burned jewish genocide...again flagellants competed to see who could suffer the most for 33.5 days new entrants paid for membership welcomed as a spectacle outlawed as heretical by church burned incense cure of sound talismans, charms, and spells consulted relics pilgrimages physicians frightened people, work stork-like metal masks for protection europe crazed hundred years' war 1337-1453 babylonian captivity/great schism