key words pilgrims - separatist calvinists plymouth colony mayflower compact - covenant of gov't about how to rule, ALL MALE MEMBERS SIGNED (including labourers), right of self-government/equal representation massachusetts bay company john winthrop thomas hooker roger williams anne hutchinson salem witch trials king philip's war/metacom's war good bit of religious intolerance in europe martin luther nailed up his 95 theses against the church to kick things off john calvin - started calvinist sect that split off of the church to keep religious identity, separatist movement, decide to go to holland secondary separatist group forms and becomes pilgrims group of pilgrims left on the mayflower, 110 people, leave august 1620, arrive december 1620 wanted to settle long term, so consisted of men, women, children, male labourers indians help out b/c they're screwed otherwise mini-revolt happens, male labourers wanted same rights as heads of households Bradford creates mayflower compact to fix everything 1629 - john winthrop comes over with large group, starts massachusetts bay company by 1643, over 20K europeans had "city on a hill" idea - want to set example for others, either it fails, or they are a beacon of light, ideal model for christian state work hard/earn way, one suffers/all suffer/bad things happen, if you work hard, god will smile on you with population growth, pressure westward, attack indians and dutch settlers, english were going for killing them all 20 women executed in salem also banished people from the community, which is passive killing, starvation, exposure to elements, etc. roger williams left MBC to start his own colony in 1634, chartered in 1644, founded rhode island banished b/c had strong feeling about church and state hooker leaves to start connecticut banished hutchinson b/c belief in covenant of grace, not predestination, be good and you might get to heaven, moves to RI cotton mather was a famous instructor at harvard young goodman brown (book) takes a walk in the woods with the devil, leaves faith/belief behind, finds gathering in the woods of people from the village (devilworshipers) - embodies constant worry that devil/evil abounds in the woods metacom's war - indians start attacking, english fight back, english only won b/c indians ran out of gunpowder, 5% of massachusetts died both sides thought they were right metacom loses started first reservation-type settlements large-scale massacres new england became a very seafaring culture, because the land was rocky and claylike also started becoming industrial mary rowlandson - on frontier for a while, moves back to boston after violence