2/21/08
political party - group of people who have a similar set of shared ideals along with some that are unshared
		group of office holders, candidates, activists, voters, who identify with a group/brand label and try to elect to public office individuals who will run under that group or label, goal is to hold office, not just compete

party identification - group label/brand, can carry associations
parties have three groups of individuals - party in government/candidates, 

no parties when US was founded, but sprung up shortly
followers of hamilton - federalists
followers of jefferson - jeffersonian republicans

1824 - andrew jackson ran for presidency, distinctive feature politics now mass phenomenon, number of voters large now
first party system started in congress, this one started at the state level

jackson won popular vote, but still lost presidency

1832 - chose jackson with van buuren as running mate

civil war era
democrats - followers of jackson
whigs - anti-jackson, branch of democrats
split lasted until they had to address the divide between north and south
addressing it caused a party realignment based on geography (north on one side, south on the other)
whigs disappear, republican party shows up in north
democrats take control of south
candidacy of william jennings bryant confirmed and deepened split between north and south
competition at state level was within a party, not between parties
two factions came out of each party
stalwarts - professional politicians, acquiring and dispensing patronage (spoils system), from republican party
mugwumps - opposed to stalwarts and their party machinery, afraid of influx of immigrants, also from republican party, sometimes sided with democrats
progressives - wanted stricter requirements to reduce voter fraud, civil service reform to reduce patronage, heavy use of mass media to attack abuses of partisanship
referendum - vote to the people whether or not something becomes a law