3/6/08 closed primaries - require that you register your affiliation with one party or the other to vote in the primary framers thought that constitution was sufficiently limited so as not to need a bill of rights bill of rights - limitation on popular rule - government can't do certain things no matter how many people want it people tend to not be sensitive to hypothetical burdens and deal with it when they cross that bridge rights in conflict - policy entrepreneur - rouses people to take action against the rights of others conflicting cultural principles - public safety vs freedom of speech vs right to learn in classroom etc