yeltsin 1991-1997 shock therapy - not literally, shock the system into being capitalist nomenklatura capitalism capitalism only by name messy transition capital flight some companies stripped down, and $$ not reinvested locally kleptocracy power holders end up owning lots through privatization chechnya chechnyan separatists, wanted to break away issue, b/c not the only region with these distinctions others might follow strategically located, oil pipelines, ports, other resources terrorist operations against russian population by chechnyans 1993 institutions dual executive president - current is medvedev prime minister - current is putin legislature:federal assembly state duma (lower) can be reconfigured if the pres decides it is necessary elected by people and PR 2/3 vote to override veto federation council (upper) can veto a bill judiciary constitutional court issues between branches of government and those involved, elite disagreements supreme court citizen's ultimate court of appeals supreme arbitration court setup to resolve economic disputes yeltsin died recently putin 1999-2008 bureaucratic obstacles to parties flimsy reasons for disqualification to run selective corporate corruption investigations media ownership by allies control of media, censorship sudden deaths of critics some are quite clearly murders, such as polonium poisoning 2005 duma elections by PR opposition increasingly constrained lots of positive spin for putin and now medvedev medvedev, born 1965, 2008-present current issues economy dependency on oil industry during major demographic changes militarism - concern in terms of democratic quality georgian separatists caribbean exercises infrastructure/health