finish up nigeria abiola has a "heart attack" current leader: yar-adua, lots of electoral irregularities issues of contention elections and fraud - started out on poor footing, weak mandate "a government, finally" - critizing on length of time taken to form gov't north-south divide generally, islam vs christian oil/delta region ministry of energy minister of state for Power: Mrs. Fatima Balaraba Ibrahim minister of state for Petroleum: H. Odein Ajumogobia minister of state for Gas: Odusina Olatunde Emmanuel MEND's oil war movement for the emancipation of the niger delta fighting for more autonomy provides a lot, but doesn't get much back in comparison 1980s-90s, nonviolent approaches, lobbying, etc repressed by authoritarian regime 1995: 9 nonviolents hanged repression caues nonviolence to dissipate, leaving only radicals largest of the radicalized political groups started kidnapping public figures, now kidnapping civilians and children paradox of plenty most wealthy countries tend to be democratic except for oil rich countries windfall spending timing inequity distributive policies to keep people complacent or apathetic patronage national cohesion reform remove corruption improve machinery no clear metering system break patterns of patronage more competent managers less pollution civil unrest sabotage, oil theft